Fyodor Dostoevsky

most foolish reason, which, one would think, was hardly worth mentioning:

that is, that man everywhere and at all times, whoever he may

be, has preferred to act as he chose and not in the least as his reason and

advantage dictated. And one may choose what is contrary to one's own

interests, and sometimes one POSITIVELY OUGHT (that is my idea). One's

own free unfettered choice, one's own caprice, however wild it may be,

one's own fancy worked up at times to frenzy--is that very "most

advantageous advantage" which we have overlooked, which comes

under no classification and against which all systems and theories are

continually being shattered to atoms. And how do these wiseacres know

that man wants a normal, a virtuous choice? What has made them

conceive that man must want a rationally advantageous choice? What

man wants is simply INDEPENDENT choice, whatever that independence

may cost and wherever it may lead. And choice, of course, the devil

only knows what choice.

VIII

"Ha! ha! ha! But you know there is no such thing as choice in reality, say

what you like," you will interpose with a chuckle. "Science has succeeded

in so far analysing man that we know already that choice and

what is called freedom of will is nothing else than--"

Stay, gentlemen, I meant to begin with that myself I confess, I was

rather frightened. I was just going to say that the devil only knows what

choice depends on, and that perhaps that was a very good thing, but I

remembered the teaching of science ... and pulled myself up. And here

you have begun upon it. Indeed, if there really is some day discovered a

formula for all our desires and caprices--that is, an explanation of what

they depend upon, by what laws they arise, how they develop, what they

are aiming at in one case and in another and so on, that is a real

mathematical formula--then, most likely, man will at once cease to feel

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